Shaykh ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Shahāwī, the chief of the Shāfʿī Sufi Order in Egypt, said that Ṣūfīsm, like any other branch of science, is guided by ten principles. He added that Ṣūfīsm concerns self-exploration and the pursuit of virtuous ethics, as well as the renunciation of bad manners.