Ummayad and Abbassid era school of Islamic thought which emphasized reason and rational thought in approaching Islamic theology. The movement was centered around Basra and Baghdad.

Arabic name of Jerusalem and mainly used by Muslims, while Arab Christians use the term 'Urshalim'

The phrase means “Allah is the Greatest.”  It is the superlative case and there is no comparison between God the Almighty and others as Allah in the Islamic doctrine is not comparable to human beings or other Gods. There is a big difference between the Creator and the created beings. Moreover, belief in all the prophets of God whose names were mentioned in the Qur’an and those whose names were not mentioned is one of the six articles of the Muslim faith. The right interpretation of the phrase Allahu Akbaris is “Allah is the greatest” and he is the One to whom all attributes of perfection have been proved.

another word for unclean, who are insulting for the Prophet Muhammad

Coptic dialect 

The balṭagīya, Baltageya in Egyptian dialect, is a term to refer to a group of mainly men who gather to attack people during demonstrations in order to produce turmoil. During the Arab spring demonstrations and in the aftermath balṭagīya were used - most presumably by both the state and different lobby groups -  to influence the dynamics of demonstrations, to (sexually) threaten women in order to prevent them from participating and to accuse  the respectively other side of inciting violence.  

Muslim's treasury during the reign of Islamic caliphs.

Outdated, husband’s house, woman return, cases unlawful desertion.

Allegiance to Islamic political system/Islamic Caliphate.

Mystical teachings in Judaism of creation and spirituality.

female Muslim preachers