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The early 20th century Islamic reformers had different backgrounds, influences and goals to the secular reformists. The secular reformers inherited the western antagonism to religion. In contrast, the Islamic reformers focused on how to establish a modern nationalist state based on justice.
The new generation of Orientalists is less knowledgeable about the culture of the East than its predecessors. The previous generation of Orientalists was aware of the Arab-Islamic texts. But the Orientalist school is no longer able to preserve its scientific traditions today because of a number of...
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