Although both Dr. Sa‘d al-Dīn Ibrāhīm and Dr. Jalāl Amīn share the same circumstances and won the love and respect of the Egyptians, the loyalty of each was directed differently. Ibrāhīm was discovered to be more loyal to America supporting its policy against his country Egypt. In contrast, Amīn remained totally loyal to Egypt and the Arab world, in general refuting all American and Israeli policies aimed at the downfall of Egypt and the Arab world.