A civil state is a secular democratic state. Enlightened thinkers believe that a religious state is a a real threat.

The author explains the difference between a civil state and a religious state, pointing out that a civil state is based on sovereignty of law, which requires separation of authorities; whereas a religious state is based on sovereignty of the ruler.

Although it has to be rephrased, the second article of the Egyptian Constitution, according to the author, does not threaten the secular state that has existed in Egypt for 200 years and does not pave the way for establishing a religious state.

Keywords: Secular Egyptian State