According to the author, the Azhar, as an official religious institution, has taken over the religious state of affairs in Egypt, which has allowed the emergence of religious entities parallel to the Azhar that reject the its monopolization of Islamic Da‘wah.

The history of these associations begins with the legitimate association that was first established as a charitable Da‘wah association, followed by the formation of the  Ansār al-Sunnah al-Muammadiyyah group, and then the Muslim Brotherhood, which was formed in 1928 by Hasan al-Bannā.

Furthermore, the Azhar Scholars Front antagonizes the Azhar. And Salafīyah satellite channels criticize and attempt to distort the image of the institution.